\select@language {spanish}
\contentsline {chapter}{Resumen}{\es@scroman {ii}}{dummy.1}
\vspace {1em}
\contentsline {chapter}{Acknowledgements}{\es@scroman {iii}}{dummy.2}
\vspace {1em}
\contentsline {chapter}{Contents}{\es@scroman {iv}}{dummy.3}
\contentsline {chapter}{List of Figures}{\es@scroman {vii}}{dummy.5}
\contentsline {chapter}{List of Tables}{\es@scroman {viii}}{dummy.7}
\contentsline {chapter}{Abbreviations}{\es@scroman {ix}}{dummy.9}
\contentsline {chapter}{Physical Constants}{\es@scroman {x}}{dummy.12}
\vspace {2em}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {1}Introducci\'on}{1}{chapter.15}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.1}Motivaci\'on}{1}{section.16}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.2}Antecedentes hist\'oricos}{2}{section.17}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.3}Esquemas de autenticaci\'on}{3}{section.18}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.3.1}Esquemas de autenticaci\'on simples o de factor \'unico}{3}{subsection.19}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.3.2}Esquemas de autenticaci\'on mixta o de m\'ultiples factores}{4}{subsection.20}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.3.3}Identificaci\'on y verificaci\'on}{4}{subsection.21}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.4}M\'etricas de eficiencia en la clasificaci\'on}{5}{section.22}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.4.1}La matriz de confusi\'on}{5}{subsection.23}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.4.2}FAR y FRR}{5}{subsection.25}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.4.3}Costo de error}{7}{subsection.27}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.4.4}ERR}{8}{subsection.29}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.4.5}El punto de FRR cero}{9}{subsection.31}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.4.6}Curvas ROC y DET}{9}{subsection.32}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.5}Modelado de la cadencia de tecleo}{10}{section.34}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.5.1}Introducci\'on}{10}{subsection.35}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.5.2}Principales caracter\IeC {\'\i }sticas biom\'etricas utilizadas}{11}{subsection.37}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {1.5.2.1}Digramas, trigramas y $n$-gramas}{12}{subsubsection.39}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.5.3}Par\'ametros relacionados con el comportamiento}{13}{subsection.40}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.5.4}Enfoques para la autenticaci\'on}{14}{subsection.41}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.5.5}Partici\'on del texto de entrada}{14}{subsection.42}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.5.6}Vectores caracter\IeC {\'\i }sticos y matriz caracter\IeC {\'\i }stica}{15}{subsection.43}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.5.7}Contextos finitos}{16}{subsection.45}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.5.8}Clasificaci\'on}{16}{subsection.47}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.5.9}Modelos de ataque}{16}{subsection.48}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {2}Repaso de la historia y el estado del arte}{18}{chapter.49}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.1}Introducci\'on}{18}{section.50}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.2}Clasificadores de prop\'osito general}{20}{section.51}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.2.1}El espacio de par\'ametros}{20}{subsection.52}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.2.2}Conjunto de datos de ejemplo}{21}{subsection.53}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.2.3}Espacios normados}{21}{subsection.55}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {2.2.3.1}Efecto de las distancias normalizadas}{23}{subsubsection.60}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {2.2.3.2}Variaciones}{24}{subsubsection.62}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {2.2.3.3}La distancia de Mahalanobis}{25}{subsubsection.66}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {2.2.3.4}Vecinos m\'as cercanos}{27}{subsubsection.69}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {2.2.3.5}k-means}{28}{subsubsection.71}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {2.2.3.6}Conteo de valores at\IeC {\'\i }picos}{30}{subsubsection.73}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {2.2.3.7}M\'aquinas de soporte vectorial}{30}{subsubsection.75}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.2.4}Otros clasificadores}{31}{subsection.76}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {2.2.4.1}Redes neuronales}{32}{subsubsection.77}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {2.2.4.2}L\'ogica difusa}{36}{subsubsection.81}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {2.2.4.3}\'Arboles de decisi\'on}{37}{subsubsection.82}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {2.2.4.4}Bosques aleatorios}{38}{subsubsection.84}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.2.5}Fusi\'on de esquemas}{40}{subsection.85}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.3}Textos libres}{40}{section.86}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.4}Consideraciones relacionadas}{42}{section.90}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.4.1}Refinamiento del conjunto de entrenamiento}{42}{subsection.91}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.4.2}Adaptaci\'on gradual de los modelos}{44}{subsection.92}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.4.3}Seguridad y privacidad}{45}{subsection.93}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.4.4}Educci\'on de emociones y otras inferencias}{46}{subsection.95}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.5}Dificultades metodol\'ogicas}{47}{section.96}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.5.1}Consideraciones metodol\'ogicas del experimento}{48}{subsection.97}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.5.2}Fuentes de error}{49}{subsection.98}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.5.3}Velocidad de convergencia}{50}{subsection.99}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.5.4}Cantidad de usuarios}{51}{subsection.100}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.5.5}Influencia del idioma}{52}{subsection.101}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.5.6}Variaciones en los teclados}{52}{subsection.102}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.6}Est\'andares, patentes y obras derivadas}{53}{section.103}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.6.1}Conjunto de datos estandarizados}{53}{subsection.104}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.6.2}Est\'andares y recomendaciones}{54}{subsection.105}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.6.3}Patentes}{55}{subsection.106}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.6.4}Programas comerciales}{56}{subsection.107}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {3}Modelado con contextos finitos}{57}{chapter.108}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.1}Introducci\'on}{57}{section.109}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.2}Definiciones y marco general de trabajo}{58}{section.110}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.3}Entrenamiento y adaptaci\'on de los modelos}{59}{section.111}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.3.1}Medias y varianzas muestrales}{60}{subsection.112}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.3.2}Medias ponderadas}{61}{subsection.117}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.3.3}Media m\'ovil simple}{62}{subsection.121}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.3.4}Media m\'ovil exponencial}{63}{subsection.125}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.3.5}Detecci\'on de valores at\IeC {\'\i }picos}{64}{subsection.132}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.3.6}\'Indice de direccionalidad}{65}{subsection.135}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.4}Partici\'on y filtrado del texto de entrada}{67}{section.139}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.4.1}Motivaci\'on}{67}{subsection.140}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.4.2}Estrategia de partici\'on}{67}{subsection.141}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.4.3}Filtrado}{69}{subsection.144}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.5}Reconstrucci\'on del vector patr\'on}{70}{section.145}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.5.1}Ponderaci\'on de modelos}{71}{subsection.148}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.6}Clasificaci\'on}{72}{section.151}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.7}Un ejemplo integrador}{74}{section.156}
\vspace {2em}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {A}Conceptos algebraicos}{80}{appendix.167}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {A.1}Normas. Definici\'on.}{80}{section.168}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {A.2}Normas comunes}{81}{section.172}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {A.3}Distancias. Definici\'on}{81}{section.173}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {A.4}Distancias normalizadas}{82}{section.177}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {A.5}Distancia de Mahalanobis}{83}{section.178}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {A.6}Derivaci\'on}{83}{section.179}
\vspace {2em}
\contentsline {chapter}{Bibliograf\'{\i }a}{85}{dummy.182}
